Saturday, May 23, 2020

Difference Between High And Low Cultural Context, Failure...

Cultures can be defined as a system of interrelated fundamental perceptions of assumptions and symbols. The symbols convey an explicit message, and are shared among the group so that they become common knowledge. Unlike philosophy, the connections are implied, and conclude which leads to the symbolical expression of their rituals. Each person has a different perception of the world and a different interaction with human life. Different countries may use different symbols to convey their messages. Also, culture is a social type of glue that connects a group of people with reality. Furthermore, culture is a part of everyone’s life; one must embrace the culture to really understand the wonderful world. Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered an act of a guiding principle of behavior. This essay will contain sufficient evidence on the difference of high and low cultural context, failure of the Nimchi ll campaign and demonstrate the failure of ignoring the nature of culture as a tacit philosophy. To begin , â€Å"HCC† means high culture context and this is where the symbols are implicit. They look for group’s success rather than the individual’s success. In high culture context, these countries rely heavily on the usage of nonverbal methods to relay meaningful information in conversations such as, facial expressions, eye movement, and tone of voice. In most of their situations, the use of non-verbal

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Descartes Vs. Descartes Philosophy - 1142 Words

Rene Descartes’ begins to illustrate his skeptical argument as presented in Meditation l. Descartes basic strategy to approaching this method of doubt is to defeat skepticism. This argument begins by doubting the truth of everything, from evidence of the senses to the fundamental process of reasoning. Therefore, if there is any truth in the world that overcomes the skeptical challenge then it must be indubitably true. Thus, creating a perfect foundation for knowledge. The first Meditation is an examination in learning to doubt everything that I once believed to be true. Descartes begins to doubt everything he once believed about the external world using three solid propositions sensory illusions, the dream problem and a deceiving God. Descartes skeptical argument is refuted by many philosophers, in this paper I will explain Descartes argument and compare it to G.E Moore’s response while answering if his response successfully evades Cartesian skepticism. When we come to think of things we know from our sensory experiences, Descartes notes that the senses may be mistaken. As we may know, things are not always what they seem to be at first glance, hearing, sound or touch. This is why Descartes argues we cannot trust in the truth our of sensory knowledge. Therefore, in life we adjust our perceptions of things to the correct ones constantly. Thus, anything we believe to be true from sensory knowledge is not always feasible and this is why it must be doubted. Descartes alsoShow MoreRelatedDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave By Plato And Rene Descartes1241 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Philosophy? Well, by conventional definition, Philosophy is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. This, while providing a contextual definition of the word philosophy, just scratches the surface of its actual meaning. In this essay we will attempt to answer â€Å"What is Philosophy?† by discussing the works of Plato and Rene Descartes. First, we begin by summar izing and comparing the theme of their works for similarities so as to better formRead MoreDescartes vs Locke Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesTO PHILOSOPHY Introduction to Philosophy Name Institution INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Cartesian rationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes fromRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 PagesRationalism and Empiricism Rationalism and Empiricism are most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomyRead MoreThe Virtues And Vices Of The Schools1162 Words   |  5 PagesEvan Arends Philosophy essay 1) School Learning What are some of the virtues and vices of the schools? Why does Descartes decide to leave school as soon as he can? What does he hope to gain by doing so? What are the results? Try to integrate some of your own thoughts about the goods and bads of school as well as any insights you might have about what it means to be human and the task of education. The task of education is split up into different kinds of education. The task of basic educationRead MoreThe Mind And Body Dualism Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesAs Descartes says, the mind and the body are one cohesive â€Å"object† that produce the behaviors and actions of a human being, Mind Body Dualism. However, is this concept truly intended to prove that, metaphorically speaking, the mind and body are one and that it is, physiologically speaking, connected through the pineal gland? Or, does it show that Descartes is connecting a material and immaterial substance, that both contain two different ideas in the proper function of a human being? The intentionRead MoreBaron dHolbach and William James on Free Will and Determinism1192 Words   |  5 Pagesborn in New York City during the year of 1842. He was an American philosopher and psychologist, who developed the philosophy of pragmatism. He attended private schools in the United States and Europe, the Lawrence Scientif ic School at Harvard University, and the Harvard Medical School, from which he received a degree in 1869. James became an instructor in psychology and philosophy at Harvard, Columbia University, and the University of Oxford throughout his life. James died in Chocorua, New HampshireRead MoreThe Nature of the Human Mind and the Human Body1095 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes talks about the nature of the human mind, and how the mind relates to the human body. With his famous declaration, I am, I exist, Descartes claims that â€Å"I† am â€Å"a thinking thing†, and therefore â€Å"I† exist (17-18). He also argues that the mind is better known than the body. In the Sixth Meditation, he further argues that there must be a clear distinction between mind and body. However, there is surely some connection between these two. In The TreatiseRead MoreCartesian Dualism vs Logical Behaviorism Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesfree wi ll? Are people genuinely moved by the welfare of others, or is all behavior, in reality, selfish? (Sober 203). These are questions relevant to philosophy of the mind and discussed through a variety of arguments. Two of the most important arguments with this discussion are Cartesian dualism and logical behaviorism, both of which argue the philosophy of the mind in two completely different ways. Robert Lane, a professor at the University of West Georgia, define the two as follows: Cartesian dualism

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Ashley Teschendor Free Essays

Taking care of a newborn B: Making sure the job gets done IV: Three types of levels A: One, two and three B: Describing them V: Education A: Schooling B: Effort it takes Conclusion: Nursery nurses specialize in taking care of premature babies. They are a unique because; only the best of the best qualify for this job. August 9th, 1 963 was the day medical nurses played a different roll. We will write a custom essay sample on Ashley Teschendor or any similar topic only for you Order Now On that day President John F. Kennedy became a father to Patrick Fourier Kennedy. Patrick was born five weeks and a half early, weighing four pounds and ten and half ounces. Patrick was rushed back to Boston, back then the neonatal intensive care unit was not around. Patrick died 39 hours later after birth. His death sparked interest in the study of prematurely of newborn babies (Alton). Over the past few decades, new inventions were created for the intensive care unit. The first invention of this time period was the incubator which, was created on May 14th, 1891 and later becoming more transmittable. The incubator could now travel around the hospital without touching the baby or more harm for the baby (The History of Neonatal Intensive Care Units). Also the first techniques to get blood from a newborn baby was discovered at this time period. Although the techniques were becoming more advance the babies were still dying due to diseases and medicine that was not given to them. New technology like the ROI can help out in today’s world. It’s a program where it monitors a baby’s moment outside a mother’s room. Also helps with not mixing the newborn babies up in the intensive care unit. The technology around us has changed overall. Neonatal nurses only get better with time as well. Like all jobs, neonatal nursing also have requirements and duties to newborns. The duties are working with newborns which is a strong tolerance cause, babies do cry. Neonatal nurses have to do a series of test and register as a nurse. During your nursing program, nurses may want to enroll in classes like pediatrics and entomology. Some employers want you to have work experience with infants or in the intensive care unit, however, employer’s requisites can vary, and you may withal need supplemental, formal inculcation or training. These nurses work with medicos as well as other nurses in a clinic or hospital to avail mothers learn about motherhood. Some Of the duties involved in neonatal care include giving the mother dedication, running various tests, and of course, recording vitals on her and other information on her body after birth (What Are the Requirements for a Neonatal Nurse). Training is also a big part in this career because; some clinics or jobs won’t hire you unless you have a post-secondary education in neonatal nursing. The most common standard is the BBS which can also be called as the Bachelors of Science in nursing. There are also more educational requirements like knowing the human body and also biology. Pain management in premature and sick babies has long been recognized as a ITIL component of neonatal care. However, practices pertaining to pain assessment and administration of neonatal nursing remain variable in Neonatal Units. Diseases have been identified as an ineffective way to make a baby healthier. According to CUFF. Com â€Å"A neonatal nurse may take care of a baby with multiple problems including drug-addicted babies and premature babies†. They may also care for babies who are weak and fragile or need 24- hour nursing. Neonatal nurses have to monitor the babies closely and give special care immediately after birth. Neonatal nurses may also attend deliveries. Found on Physical. Com â€Å"Some nurses attend all deliveries and assist as well by hooking up laboring patients to monitors, starting Avis, assisting with getting patients ready for C-sections, and assisting with general patient care. Neonatal nurses have more than one job and to become a neonatal. A person must be able to do the same thing multiple times, there’s never time for mistakes. ‘ As neonatal nurse you also have duties during you duration of working at a clinic or hospital. Duties often are changing feeding tubes, monitoring computers, checking the vitals Of newborn babies or performing incubation’s. Neonatal nurses monitor vital signs such as respiration and temperature, and perform any specialized feeding such as tube feeding. Being a neonatal nurse is not always about the medical field either. Other duties are like rocking a baby, feeding them bottles for daily nutrition and possibly changing a few dirty diapers here and there (Merriments). Not all babies in the intensive care unit get to see their parents often. Sometimes neonatal nurses keep them company and take on a motherly role. Neonatal nurses can educate a mother and family members about a hazard condition and neonatal nurses interact with them in that way. A neonatal nurse should have excellent speaking skills, with the ability to provide compassion and empathy to parents. They can also draw blood from the neonate and use the sample for testing on a specific task. A neonatal nurse must also understand a newborn baby to prevent harm from risks that specifically affect a newborn baby’s body such as temperature changes or obtain oxygen (Greenwood). Neonatal nurses work in one of three levels; depending if a nurse gets promoted or has higher education than a nurse can move up levels. Working in the intensive care unit can be stressful. There are three different types of bevels when working in the type Of medical field. The first level is level one. While working in level one a neonatal is a healthy newborn nursery. These nurseries are almost safe during these days because mothers and newborns have a very short hospital stay. The average length of hospital stay after a normal delivery is a minimum of forty-eight hours when the baby is healthy can care-free. Also, working in level one could be a starter because, you can ease yourself in the different levels of opportunity before going to the level two and three nurseries. When working in the level one nursery your duties re fulfilling the basic needs of a newborn like a changing diaper, feeding and educating mothers about the newborn baby. Working in the level two nurseries is different in many ways. They care of infants with of 32 weeks of age. The level two nursery in the intensive care unit is an intermediate care or a special care nursery where the baby may be born prematurely or may be suffering from an illness. These babies may need supplemental oxygen, intravenous therapy, specialized feedings, or more time to mature before discharge from the hospital (The Academy of Neonatal Nursing). The final bevel is the level three nurseries inside the intensive care unit. The level three neonatal intensive care unit admits all neonates or premature newborns during the first 28 days of life who cannot be treated in either of the other two nursery levels. These babies may be small for their age, premature or sick term infants who require high technology care, such as ventilators, special equipment or incubators, or surgery. The level three units may be in a large general hospital or part of a children’s hospital. Neonatal nurses provide a direct patient care to these infants (The Academy of Neonatal Nursing). Like most jobs in today’s world you need education to do a topnotch job. TO become certified in the neonatal nurse staff, a college or university education to prepare a register nurse depending on whether students attend a bachelors or associate degree program takes about two to four years to complete. After graduating, students take the state licensing exam to become an RAN. There is no special program for neonatal nursing in basic RAN education. Some nursing programs have an elective course in neonatal nursing (The Academy of Neonatal Nursing). To become an RAN you have to cake a series of test like INC_EX which is a statewide test to work in a hospital with newborn babies. The test is based on broad subjects like biology, infection control and therapy. Hands on training are very valuable because that’s what most jobs look at when you apply at a clinic or hospital. Supervision is usually carried on with a registered nurse who teaches you the basics working in a level one, two or three nursery. After schooling you must become certified with the state board admissions. To be credited, you need service hours, passing the state board admissions test and having at least our years of nursing school. Work ethics and speed are two characteristics in neonatal nurse practitioners because their response can depend on the life of a newborn baby. By finding the right job at a clinic or hospital the neonatal nurse must target these employers directly and highlight an internship experience in this specialty. Also, check for job opening with professional organizations, such as the American Nursing Association nurse practitioners are required to have exceptional communication skills since they have to inform families about postpartum, intensive and neonatal care. Emotional invitations is another valuable characteristic in a job in which neonatal nurse practitioners may have to address negative effects on the occurrence of death of patients under their care to their mother (Neonatal A neonatal nurse salary depends on the higher the edification. As read on Puzzle that Neonatal nurses working for sizable voluminous hospitals will naturally, earn more than those working for more minuscule hospitals. Nurses employed in sizable voluminous cities will be earning much more than those employed in hospitals and health care centers in rural areas. For a neonatal nurse who is a Irishman with little to no experience will earn about $50,000 per year. With around four to five years of experience, you can facilely earn anything between $55,000 to $65,000 per year. Neonatal nurses with more than ten years of experience can earn between $65,000 to 575,000 per year and even more. (Salary. Com) Depending on the area that the neonatal nurse opts to live in is a wide-spread. Neonatal nurses have an arduous time because, sometimes in a rural area not much transpires but if that neonatal nurse peregrinates to a more immensely colossal city, there is always more room to invest and have a safe job there. Nurse Practitioner Job Description). Charities have also been created to help fund the intensive care unit. The first one was the March Of Dimes. March Of Dimes helps out with bring caution to everyone about newborn babies. According to March of Dimes in the United States, 1 in 9 babies are born prematurely. Worldwide, 15 million babies are born too soon each year. Taking part in March for Babies is more than just support. Consumers are changing the future for babies and making the world a better place and bringing more jobs like neonatal nursing to a whole new bevel. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, a 1 994 study revealed that infants cared for by neonatal nurse practitioners stayed in the hospital an average of 2. Fewer days and incurred $3,400 less in costs than those cared for by medical residents. The babies under the care of the neonatal nurse practitioners were generally younger with lower birth weights charities have funded neonatal studies today. Today the average decreased because, money IS being funded to create programs where neonatal nurses and gaining more knowledge and a better under standing of the newborns hat are born into this world every day. Clearing doubts and fears in the minds of new parents of a newborn is also a task which is performed by almost all neonatal nurses. How to cite Ashley Teschendor, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

Orphanage Adapt Hollywood Horror Genre Conventions †Free Samples

Question: How does The Orphanage adapt Hollywood horror genre conventions to suit the fairy tale quality of the Spanish ghost story and to engage with Spains traumatic cultural history? Answer: With the time of introduction in the cinema, in 20th century, the horror genre has been mainly to evoke the anxiety and the visceral responses which comes from the audience. The prominent genre is about the filmmakers like Alfred, George etc., who are famous at the crafting of different plotlines and the disturbing concepts. Considering about the narrative approach, the essay will focus on the demonstration through the applications with the socio-cultural approach where The Orphanage adapts the traditional Hollywood horror genre conventions to bring the light to the traumatic events of Spanish people (Stadler McWilliam, 235). This is mainly in the lives of both adult and children who are endured under the regime of Francisco Franco. The Orphanage has been considered internationally as one of the Spains most popular horror film of 21st century. It can resonate culturally with the nation with proper throughput in the world. There is a need to identify about the film as horror under th e influence of the Spanish where there is a link to the Hollywood genre conventions to suit the fairy tale quality of Spanish ghost story with properly engaging in the cultural theory as well. With this, the essay will focus on the conventions and the aesthetic approach to note about the strength and the weakness. This will investigate about adapting and retaining the sense of elements of Spanish ghost stories that represent the cultural history (Buxton, 325). The consideration is about the parameters and to work over the examination from the film, with using children for the moral ambiguity, abandoning the isolation of the house settings and conversion of the disbelieving father. The childlike symbols and references are to the fairy tales in the film. The categorisation of The Orphanage in the supernatural horror genre has bene mainly for the focus on films and the television programs. They are set to classify the groups and sub-groups by the different similarities to work on the films and the television programs (Kroenert, 28). The genre is about leading the contention, which according to Sarah Berry Flint, has the debate about the different reasoning for invoking the film scholars for proper implementation process and the critical evaluation. There have been different description tools where genre is able to serve the different levels based on the cultural patterns. The audiences, where genre provides a proper and clear description about the socio-discursive frameworks and the expectation horizon is for the viewers to bring the film that they see. The postulates are set in the sense where the genres are not textual but have certain constraints related to the social forms and standards. The genre claims about the extension to the cultural category with the operations based on the industry, audience and the cultural practices. This implies a proper film must be defined for the audience explicit interpretation which is considered important for the interpretation where there are different personalised viewing practices (Buxton, 324). The resonating social and the cultural people in the movie is to analyse about the applications with the key approaches to work on the strengthen and the weakness which could be inherent in the films. The viewers also work on modifying the generic frameworks and participating in the constructive approach where there is a proper categorisation of the films and definitive influence on advertising, merchandising and the like. The academics and the scholars hold the study of the textual and the formalised analysis to make use of the genre in the different ways where there is a need to analyse the approaches like the aesthetic standards. They tend to bear the strength and the limitatio ns as well. The approach is based on the focus of the textual elements where the conventions are for the characters, setting, plotting and working over the different factors which include the mise-en-scene, performance and the proper standards of the film. The strength of the aesthetic approach focuses on the variations with the differences which are set in the film. The major strength is about the variations and the differences that are to exist in the genre which also allow the processing of the genre texts, and conforming to the establishing of codes and conventions. They are the merits to work over the formula, cliched forms and the stereotypical formats. With this, there is a need to focus on the approach which provides a proper standard and the principles to handle the criteria relating to the film categorisation (Lzaro-Reboll, 4). The horror films are having different characteristics which are for the identification of the culture escaping mode. They are, according to Professor Jane Stadl er, the horror which tends to transform and then displaces the fear as well. The audience do not have to face any fear. The horror is considered to be the major cultural phobia with the taboos and the trauma which is set through properly exploring about the different states of the boundary between the life and the death. For this, sanity and madness with the consciousness and unconsciousness, holds the body. The focus of the work is also on the analysis of the films where there is genre that rest upon the ability to frighten the audiences with analysis of the texts and determining the conventions that are effective as well. The horror films tend to take hold of hyperbolized aesthetic tropes where the indication is about producing a comedic and terrifying story with better experience for the viewers. This will help in reaching towards the hybridity and considering about the rigidity to be applied to fluid and the abstract (Balanzategui, 1) . The purpose is about identifying the Holly wood horror conventions which adapts to the Spanish ghost story and the cultural history forms where there are results of analysis that are definite enough as well. The Orphanage works over aesthetics that have conventions to identify the horror game. With this, Spain cultural history is to define Francisco Franco and Spain struggle for democracy. Here, the iconography of the haunted house or the other forbidden place depicts the isolation which has contributed to fear of the unknown in the audience. The concept is related to the haunted with the ghosts who are common motif linked to the pasts. With the resonating with the history of Spain, it is under the dictatorship of Franco and the returns to democracy. According to historian James Ameland, the dictatorship is from the 1930s to 1960s. Here, the people also were seen to be missing in the house (166). The conversion of the husband of Laura, Carlos, has been found to be believing and completely rationalised thinking to believe in the movie as for the Horror films. There are different links to Freudian concepts with the return of the repressed characters with the horror films that tend to deny over the existence of the spiritual forms. Spain, after death of Franco in 1975, has been working over: The politicians The remnant of those who have been working on supporting the people who follow dictatorship. The appointed successor, Prince Juan Carlos, who wanted to bring the democracy to Spain. There have been disagreements which focus over the demands and the removal of the monarchy. This has been set with the concept of Francoist politicians and the military in Spain. Here, the concept is to make an attempt to the Spanish Civil War where Carlos is also convinced of the supernatural costs of son and wife (Jancovich, 6). The Hollywood horror convention tends to become suggestive with democracy which is about suffering in the dictatorship. The representation is about the fear of characterisation with Tomas face and identity that could easily be obscured by the mask with forcing oneself to reveal about the deformation and the unnatural identity (Lzaro-Reboll, 4). This also combines with the forced separation from the peers with accidental murder through the process of bullying, positioning the audiences to the fear with sympathising with him. Buxton also argue about the horror genre where there is a confusion for the audience about the repulsion and sympathy. Hence, for this, the monster, Tomas, need to focus on the psychological conflicts with the experience of the monster. This will help in sympathising and working over the motif in the different films mainly through the characters of villains or monsters (Dawson, 10). The use of children in The Orphanage is about taking complete adaptation to the Spanish culture with the traditional fairy tale ghost story. The children have a proper susceptibility to the supernatural phenomenon with believing about the Hollywood film The Others. The use of children has been also including about the horror conventions with hark back to the fairy tale quality Spanish ghost story (Beal 9). The symbols are about the dolls, and the childhood games, with nursery rhymes to create a proper disturbance in the atmosphere which tends to permeate with entire film. For Peter Pan, Simon also asks Laura about reading and working over the films. Here, the disguise is about the child death with the exploration is about the Hollywood horror films like Joel Anderson Lake Mungo (2008). The Orphanage adapts to the conventions for suiting the fairy tale quality of the ghost story which is in Spanish and then engaging with the cultural history as well. The evidence is about the different conventions and the horror of Hollywood like the characterisation of the children who are ambiguous as well (Dawson, 10). The conversion of the disbelieving father, Carlos, has been manipulated mainly for exploring the trauma, politics and the other unknowns in Spain. The other representation is about the characterisation of the antagonist as well as the film monster. Tomas face and identity are mainly obscured by the mask with distinguishing him as different and forcing to be unknown. The deformity is then combined with the other forced separation from the peers mainly because of the masks and accidental errors. This includes the children with the different child-like symbols and the fairy tales like Peter Pan to provide with a better quality to the horror film. This also confines to the horror genre with the unique standards set for the mixture of Spanish cultural history and overlaying the fairy tale. The film then presents a proper and a unique take for the traditional Spanish ghost story that leads to the development beyond any kind of the constraints of genre. References Amelang, James S. "Early Modern Spanish Cultural History: One Opinion."History Compass4.1 (2006): 165-171. Balanzategui, Jessica. "You have a secret that you don't want to tell me: The Child as Trauma in Spanish and American Horror Film."M/C Journal17.4 (2014). Beal, Timothy. "Our Monsters, Ourselves."The Chronicle Review9.11 (2001): B18. Buxton, Rodney A. "The Horror Film: An Introduction."Journal of Film and Video61.2 (2009): 70-71. Dawson, M. Analyse: Horror Movies as Modern Day Morality Tales Conclusionss.Left Field Cinema. 2008. Web. Jancovich, Mark. "'A Real Shocker': Authenticity, genre and the struggle for distinction."Continuum: Journal of Media Cultural Studies14.1 (2000): 23-35. Kroenert, Tim. "Reign of terror:[The rise and rise of the Australian horror genre.]."Inside Film: If101 (2007): 28. Lzaro-Reboll, Antonio.Spanish Horror Film. Edinburgh University Press, 2012. Stadler, Jane, and Kelly McWilliam.Screen media: analysing film and television. Allen and Unwin, 2008. Tudor, Andrew. "Why horror? The peculiar pleasures of a popular genre."Cultural studies11.3 (1997): 443-463.